People increasingly use large language models (LLMs) to explore ideas, gather information, and make sense of the world. In these interactions, they encounter agents that are overly agreeable. We argue that this sycophancy poses a unique epistemic risk to how individuals come to see the world: unlike hallucinations that introduce falsehoods, sycophancy distorts reality by returning responses that are biased to reinforce existing beliefs. We provide a rational analysis of this phenomenon, showing that when a Bayesian agent is provided with data that are sampled based on a current hypothesis the agent becomes increasingly confident about that hypothesis but does not make any progress towards the truth. We test this prediction using a modified Wason 2-4-6 rule discovery task where participants (N=557N=557) interacted with AI agents providing different types of feedback. Unmodified LLM behavior suppressed discovery and inflated confidence comparably to explicitly sycophantic prompting. By contrast, unbiased sampling from the true distribution yielded discovery rates five times higher. These results reveal how sycophantic AI distorts belief, manufacturing certainty where there should be doubt.
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党组制度是党在国家政权机关中发挥领导作用的关键机制。为了保证党的理论和路线方针政策在国家工作中得到贯彻落实,党在中央和地方国家机关、人民团体、经济组织、文化组织和其他非党组织的领导机关中设立党组。党组在本单位发挥着“把方向、管大局、保落实”的核心领导作用。以立法工作为例,全国人大常委会党组在立法议程的制定、重要法律草案的审议、立法工作中重大分歧的协调等方面扮演着关键角色。一部重要法律草案在提请常委会会议审议前,往往由常委会党组会议进行研究讨论,对其中的重大原则和关键条款达成共识;对于涉及重大体制和政策调整的复杂问题,党组及时向党中央请示报告,待党中央明确方向后,再继续推进后续的法定审议程序。这一机制确保了立法工作始终坚持正确的政治方向,确保将党的主张和人民的意愿精准地转化为国家法律。可以说,党组制度是实现党的领导与国家机关依法履职有机统一的“转换器”和“连接器”,是党在全过程人民民主中实施具体领导的重要制度保障。
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The fifth expanded the use of sprites with more aggressive use of mid-screen interrupts, allowing it to match the NES very closely.
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